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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 39(3): 189-191, 15/09/2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362434

ABSTRACT

Patients with refractory intracranial hypertension who have already undergone all the measures recommended by the current guidelines can benefit from having their intraabdominal pressure monitored since its increase generates hemodynamic repercussions and secondary elevation of intracranial pressure. In this context, a bibliographic research was performed on PubMed with the terms intra-abdominal pressure, abdominal compartment syndrome, intracranial pressure, intracranial hypertension. Altogether, 146 articles were observed, 87 of which were from the year 2000, and only 15 articles were considered relevant to the topic. These studies indicate that patients with refractory intracranial hypertension can benefit fromthe measurement of intraabdominal pressure, since there is evidence that an increase in this pressure leads to organic dysfunctions with an indirect impact on cerebral venous return and, consequently, an increase in intracranial pressure. In thosewho underwent decompression laparotomy, direct effectswere observed in reducing intracranial hypertension and survival.


Subject(s)
Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Intra-Abdominal Hypertension/complications , Intra-Abdominal Hypertension/therapy , Hemodynamic Monitoring , Intra-Abdominal Hypertension/prevention & control , Laparotomy/methods , Lower Body Negative Pressure/methods
2.
Prensa méd. argent ; 105(1): 24-33, mar 2019. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1026329

ABSTRACT

La presión intracraneal elevada es una complicación devastadora de la lesión neurológica, que puede complicar el trauma, los tumores del sistema nervioso central, la hidrocefalia, la encefalopatía hepática y el flujo venoso del SNC alterado. El adecuado tratamiento consta de un rápido reconocimiento, utilizar material de monitoreo neurológico invasivo y su manejo para reducir la hipertensión intracraneal y sus múltiples causas subyacente. A continuación presentamos una revisión de sus principales características y principios de abordaje diagnóstico-terapéutico


Intracranial pressure is a devastating complication of neurological damage, which can complicate trauma, central nervous system disorders, hydrocephalus, hepatic encephalopathy, and altered CNS venous flow. The appropriate treatment consists of a rapid recognition, the use of an invasive neurological system and its management to reduce intracranial hypertension and its multiple underlying causes. Below we present a review of its main characteristics and principles of diagnostic-therapeutic approach.


Subject(s)
Humans , Perfusion , Intracranial Pressure , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Intracranial Hypertension/diagnosis , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Intracranial Hypertension/therapy , Craniotomy , Conservative Treatment
3.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 27(1): 72-76, Jan-Mar/2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-744686

ABSTRACT

Os tópicos mais importantes na falência hepática fulminante são o edema cerebral e a hipertensão intracraniana. Dentre todas as opções terapêuticas, tem sido relatado que a hipotermia sistêmica induzida em níveis entre 33 - 34ºC reduz a elevação da pressão e aumenta o tempo durante o qual os pacientes podem tolerar um enxerto. Esta revisão discutiu as indicações e os efeitos adversos da hipotermia.


The most important topics in fulminant hepatic failure are cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. Among all therapeutic options, systemic induced hypothermia to 33 - 34ºC has been reported to reduce the high pressure and increase the time during which patients can tolerate a graft. This review discusses the indications and adverse effects of hypothermia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Transplantation/methods , Liver Failure, Acute/therapy , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Brain Edema/etiology , Brain Edema/prevention & control , Liver Failure, Acute/complications , Intracranial Hypertension/etiology , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control
4.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 33(3): 213-218, set. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-756176

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Avaliar a relação da PIC com o crescimento de lesões e morbimortalidade em pacientes Marshall II e determinar a necessidade de sua monitorização. Método: Estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo em pacientes com TCE grave classificados como Marshall II. Resultados: Setenta pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos baseados na PIC; G1: PIC ≤ 20 mmHg (49 pacientes) e G2 PIC > 20 mmHg (21 pacientes). Os achados mais comuns foram hemorragias subaracnóideas e contusões.A mortalidade foi maior em G2 que em G1 (OR: 11,7) (IC 95%: 2,2 a 63,1). A mediana da Escala de Desfecho de Glasgow após 90 dias foi de 2 para o G2 e de 5 para o G1. O surgimento ou progressões de lesões ocorreram em 71% dos pacientes no G2 contra 10% no G1 (p < 0,05). Em comparação ao G1, o OR de um novo achado na TC foi 22 vezes maior no G2 (IC 95%: 5,02 a 106,9). Dois pacientes do G2 precisaram de cirurgia e nenhum do G1. Conclusões: Pacientes Marshall II, com hipertensão intracraniana, apresentam maior risco para crescimento de lesões na TC de controle, pior prognóstico e maior mortalidade que aqueles sem hipertensão. A monitorização desses pacientes foi definitiva para determinar o prognóstico. Pacientes Marshall II devem ser monitorados.


Objectives: Evaluate the relationship of intracranial hypertension with an increase of brain lesions, morbimortality in Marshall II patients and determine whether these patients need to have ICP monitored. Method: Prospective observational cohort study on severe TBI patients (GCS ≤ 8), Marshall CT classification II. Results: A total of 70 patients were divided into two groups based on ICP; G1: ICP ≤ 20 mmHg (49 patients) and G2 ICP > 20 mmHg (21 patients). The most common CT findings were: subarachnoid hemorrhages and contusions. Mortality was higher in G2 than in G1 (OR: 11.7) (95% CI: 2.2 to 63.1). The median Glasgow Outcome Score after 90 days was 2 for G2 and 5 to G1. The onset or progression of lesions occurred in 71% of patients in G2, against 10% in G1 (p < 0.05). Compared toG1, the OR for a new finding on CT was twenty-two times higher in G2 (95% CI: 5.02 to 106.9). Two G2 patients needed surgery and none of the G1. Conclusions: Severe TBI patients with Marshall score II and intracranial hypertension, are at greater risk for new CT abnormalities, worse prognosis, and higher mortality than those with no hypertension. ICP monitoring was crucial to define prognosis. Severe TBI Marshall II patients should be monitored.


Subject(s)
Glasgow Coma Scale , Mortality , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic/complications , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/therapy , Monitoring, Physiologic , Prospective Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Observational Study , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnostic imaging
5.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 30(Supl.1): 3-33, out.-dez. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621069

ABSTRACT

A encefalopatia hepática (EH) é um distúrbio funcional do sistema nervoso central (SNC) associado à insufi ciência hepática, de fisiopatologia multifatorial e complexa. Devido aos avanços no conhecimento sobre o manejo da EH na cirrose e na insuficiência hepática aguda (IHA), a diretoria da Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia (SBH) promoveu uma reunião monotemática acerca da fi siopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da EH, abordando aspectos controversos relacionados ao tema. Com a utilização de sistemática da medicina baseada em evidências, foram abordados o manejo da EH e da hipertensão intracraniana na IHA, o manejo da EH episódica na cirrose, as controvérsias no manejo da EH e a abordagem da EH mínima. O objetivo desta revisão é resumir os principais tópicos discutidos na reunião monotemática e apresentar recomendações sobre o manejo da síndrome votadas pelo painel de expertos da SBH.


Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a functional disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with liver failure, either end-stage chronic liver disease or fulminant hepatic failure. Its pathogenesis remains complex and poorly understood. In view of recent advances in the management of HE, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology endorsed a monothematic meetingregarding HE in order to gather experts in the to discuss related data and to draw evidence-based recommendations concerning: management of HE and intracranial hypertension in FHF, treatment of episodic HE in cirrhosis, controversies in the management of EH including difficult to treat cases and diagnostic and treatment challenges for minimal HE. The purpose of this review is to summarize the lectures and recommendations made by the panel of experts of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatic Encephalopathy , Fibrosis , Hepatic Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Hepatic Encephalopathy/physiopathology , Liver Transplantation , Liver Failure, Acute , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Ammonia , Hypertension, Portal
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 69(1,supl.1): 8-14, 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633612

ABSTRACT

El objetivo fue describir las características clínico imagenológicas de niños con esclerosis tuberosa que presentaron el complejo Nódulo Subependimario (NS)-Astrocitoma Subependimario Gigantocelular(ASGC) y analizar el comportamiento evolutivo de dicho "complejo" para detectar precozmente su crecimiento y evitar las complicaciones de la hipertensión endocraneana (HTE). Evaluamos 22 pacientes con diagnóstico anátomo patológico de ASGC. El diagnóstico del tumor se realizó a una media de 10.1 años. Pudimos observar la evolución de NS a ASGC; estos NS se ubicaron adyacentes al agujero de Monro y con el tiempo tuvieron un importante crecimiento con intensa captación de contraste e hidrocefalia. La aceleración en el crecimiento de estos NS y su "transformación" en ASGC se produjo a los 10 años de edad promedio, con un diámetro medio de 9 mm. Ningún NS alejado de los forámenes de Monro evolucionó a ASGC. Quince pacientes (68%) fueron operados con síntomas de hipertensión endocraneana. La edad media de la cirugía fue 10.8 años. Seis pacientes presentaron déficit visual. En estos últimos, el diámetro medio mayor del tumor fue 31.5 mm, mayor que los 18.7 mm del grupo de pacientes que no presentó secuela visual. El seguimiento clínico imagenológico periódico de toda lesión subependimaria próxima a los agujeros de Monro, permitiría en etapa presintomática anticipar un tratamiento quirúrgico, que reduciría la incidencia de HTE. Estudios prospectivos podrían determinar si el complejo NS-ASGC corresponde a una misma entidad en distinta etapa evolutiva, o son dos lesiones con diferente potencial de crecimiento.


The object of this paper is to describe the imaging and clinical characteristics of subependymal nodule (SN) - subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA) complex in tuberous sclerosis and analyze its evolution in order to attempt early detection and the prevention of intracranial hypertension. We evaluated 22 patients with the pathological diagnosis of SGCA. The diagnosis was made at a median of 10.1 years old. We were able to observe the evolution of SN to ASGC: these SN were localized adjacent to the foramen of Monro and with time they underwent an important development with intense contrast enhancement and hydrocephalus. The acceleration in SN growth and its "transformation" into SGCA occurred at an average of 10 years of age, with a mean diameter of 9 mm. No SN located far from the foramen of Monro evolutioned to SGCA. Fifteen patients (68%) were operated with symptoms of intracranial hypertension. Average age at surgery was 10.8 years old. Six patients presented visual deficit and in these, the average diameter of the tumor was 31.5 mm, a high value when compared to 18.7 mm in the patients without visual deficit. The imaging and clinical follow-up of any subependymal lesion close to the foramen of Monro will permit, at a presymptomatic stage, an anticipation of surgical treatment thus reducing intracranial hypertension incidence. Prospective studies could determine whether the SN-SGCA complex corresponds to the same entity in distinct evolution stages or to two lesions with different growth potential.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Astrocytoma/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Cerebral Ventricles/pathology , Tuberous Sclerosis/pathology , Astrocytoma/surgery , Brain Neoplasms , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/pathology , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/surgery , Cerebral Ventricles/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Hydrocephalus/etiology , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Tuberous Sclerosis , Tuberous Sclerosis/surgery
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(4): 1104-1107, dez. 2004. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-390693

ABSTRACT

Relata-se caso de paciente de 22 anos vítima de traumatismo cranioencefálico penetrante por fragmento de fibra de amianto medindo 15 x 12 cm, e seu tratamento bem sucedido por craniectomia descompressiva. Ao contrário da lesão encefálica por projétil de arma de fogo, lesão encefálica penetrante por objeto de baixa energia é incomum. A maioria dos casos relatados na literatura envolve lesões cranio-orbitárias ou autoflagelação em pacientes psiquiátricos. O caso relatado torna-se especial em virtude das grandes dimensões do objeto penetrante, do tratamento por craniectomia descompressiva e do bom resultado funcional alcançado.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Craniotomy , Decompression, Surgical , Head Injuries, Penetrating/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Postoperative Period , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(3A): 648-55, set. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-269612

ABSTRACT

É feita avaliaçao crítica sobre as diretrizes atuais e consequências da manobra de hiperventilaçao (MHV) na prevençao e tratamento da hipertensao intracraniana (HIC) que segue aos traumatismos crânio-encefálicos (TCE) graves. O uso profilático da MHV deve ser evitado na fase aguda de TCE grave, a menos que se registrem altos valores de O2 no sangue venoso medido no bulbo jugular, ou para ganhar tempo quando o paciente apresenta evidentes sinais posturais de deterioraçao neurológica. A falta de resposta cerebrovascular à MHV para baixar a HIC significa que a barreira hemato-encefálica (BHE) está difusamente lesada. Entao, a MHV pode ser utilizada como um crivo nos TCE graves, uma vez que a lesao da BHE atesta que os demais tratamentos disponíveis para combater a HIC (sedaçao, paralisia e diuréticos osmóticos) nao funcionarao. Uma nova hipótese patogênica do edema encefálico traumático e abordagem terapêutica é apresentada


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Injuries/therapy , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Acute Disease , Brain Injuries/complications , Brain Injuries/metabolism , Brain Injuries/physiopathology , Intracranial Hypertension/etiology , Intracranial Hypertension/therapy , Severity of Illness Index
10.
Med. intensiva ; 17(4): 131-6, 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-288914

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la optimización de la PPC antes, durante y después de la realización de FB, analizando las diferentes variables hemodinámicas cerebrales. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo, del 01/07/96 al 31/07/97. Ingresaron todos los pacientes con TEC con Glasgow ó 8 a los que se les relizó FB tanto para lavado broncoalveolar (BAL) como para resolución de atelectasias. Todos los pacientes se encotraban intubados, sedados y relajados, con asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM) y monitorizados con: catéter de fibra óptica para la medición de Presión Intracraneana (PIC), oximetría cerebral (rSO2) y de pulso (SaO2), capnografía (ETCO2) y catéteres arterial y venoso central. Se calculó: PPC (TAM-PIC), contenido arterial y venoso de O2, diferencia arterio-venosa de O2 cerebral (Dav02C), índice de extracción de O2 cerebral (SaO2-rSO2), consumo metabólico de O2 cerebral (CMO2C) (PCO2xDavO2C). Previo a la FB se mantuvo una PPC = 70 mmHg, una SaO2 = 95 por ciento, una ETCO2 ó 35mmHg y una rSO2 > 55 por ciento. Todas las variables se midieron y calcularon antes de comenzar la FB, luego de la optimización, en el momento de mayor PIC y 30 minutos después de la FB. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el test de Student y el test de correlación de Pearson. Valores de p ó 0,05 o de r2 >0,5, fueron considerados significativos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/standards , Bronchoscopy , Brain Injuries/drug therapy , Brain Injuries/therapy , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Prospective Studies
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